Trade and Income Inequality - 693 Words

As trade takes place, living conditions and economic growth must be the ultimate goal. Trade and economic growth that does not establish a reduction in poverty can generate problems that did not exist before. If rapid growth is accomplished at the expense of misdistribution of resources, then it will create social tensions or class warfare. Rapid growth has been shown in different countries that raises gap of income inequality and raise the poverty rate. In India, the slow economic growth has been steady for a period of time until 1991 when the trade and investment liberalization and economic reforms signed. It was a major breakthrough that resulted in rapid economic growth in India. The liberalization in India is far different than the standard process of liberalization. India was mainly focusing on the slow and controlled process of liberalization. Aside from the loan received from IMF in 1991, foreign bilateral and multilateral public capital inflows have been restricted. Since In dia used the slow process of liberalization of trade, then the inequality also has risen at slower pace especially in rural India unlike urban areas that have seen much faster pace. Different factors have been blamed for rising income inequality. First, the process of shifting earnings from labors to capital income. Second, the fast pace growth in the services sector. Third, the rate of the labor absorption has seen a significant drop during the reform period of 1991 (Jha, 2002). After 1991,Show MoreRelatedThe Income Inequality Gap Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesstudies have shown that income inequality has many connections that have caused the gap in the United States. According to the research I found, income inequality is connected to corruption, trade, wages of workers, and education. The world income inequality had declined since the twentieth century according to the studies found (Clark). Corruption falls increasing on low income individuals more than higher income individua ls. Additionally, the trade theory suggests that the free trade might have levelRead MoreGlobalization and Human Welfare1656 Words   |  7 Pages International free trade has become the foundation of neoliberal globalization. The main organizations for carrying out free trade are World Trade Organization (WTO) established on 1995, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB). The main aim was to promote development and trade. Trade has become the lens through which development is perceived, rather than the other way round . The concept of trade evolved right from Adam Smith and David Ricardo who introduced the concept of comparativeRead MoreNon Regular Workers : A Growing Reliance On Irregular Workers1381 Words   |  6 PagesThere has been a growing reliance on irregular workers who differ in the contractual relationship with regular employers. After the 1997 financial crisis in Korea, the economy experienced an increase in inequality among workers and contributed to a two-tier labor market. Regular workers employed in the public sector or large firms have traditionally been seen to be provided lifetime employments, protection against dismissals, severance pays and given access to a wide range of social insurance programsRead MoreGlobalization758 Words   |  4 Pagesof international trade and economic growth. There might be various parameters for the measurement of the connection between globalization, international trade and economic growth that is derived from the mobility of investment, human capital to communication and transportation that fosters interdependency and other forms of economically beneficial and social relationship between countries. In economy each nation sets policy to manage its resources to maximize the benefits of trade for its people.Read MoreImpact Of Trade Liberalization On African Countries Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe scholarship examining the extent at which trade liberalization (henceforth refers to as economic globalization) impacts poverty levels is limited. This essay examines the relationships between economic globalization and poverty levels in African countries. For instance, a 2006 UNDP report illustrates that just 7.2 percent of Bayelsa and Rivers State (Nigeria) residents were poor in 1980, but in 2004, the poverty index figures rose exponentially to 44.3 percent; Nigeria’s national rural povertyRead MoreGlobalization743 Words   |  3 Pagesof international trade and economic growth. There might be various parameters for the measurement of the connection between globalization, international trade and economic growth that is derived from the mobility of investment, human capita l to communication and transportation that fosters interdependency and other forms of economically beneficial and social relationship between countries. In economy each nation sets policy to manage its resources to maximize the benefits of trade for its people.Read MoreDeveloping A Economically Developed Countries1649 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom 19% to 23% between 1990 and 2004, in global trade and exports. Their average annual expenditure of GDP is about 1.8%. All of the above nations rank among the top 10 of the world’s most globalized in all aspects including social, financial and political globalization. An article published in the Irish Times, dated 16th February, 2015, reports that the gap between the rich and poor is constantly increasing, with more than a third of the national income condensed in the top 10% of the earners. TheRead MoreRelationship Between Inequality And Economic Growth1370 Words   |  6 Pageseconomy during the economic reforms, which started in 1978 and are still going on until nowadays, China has had continued presence of inequality. In my work I overview the evolution of inequality that could be divided into two historical periods: pre-reform period (1949-1978) and the reform period (1978- onwards). I also examine the correlation between inequality and economic growth in China. Although, with the sustained economic development and increase of living standards for the last three decadesRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Domestic Economies And Social Welfare Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"globalization does exert downward pressure on the wages of un derskilled [sic] workers in industrialized countries, exacerbate economic insecurity, call into question accepted social arrangement, and weaken social safety nets.† He claims increases in global trade proportionately increases demand for social insurances, while simultaneously constraining the financial ability of domestic governments to respond to the need. However, Rodrik concludes globalization is not a net-negative and it ultimately can helpRead MoreThe Impact Of Development Strategies On Economic Growth And The Quality Of Life For An Economy Other Than Australia1159 Words   |  5 PagesChina’s global integration has assisted their impressive economic performance and the associated improvements in living standards through economic components such as trade, investment and financial flows. On the other hand, primary Government economic policies limit and reverse negative impacts of globalisation and increase income inequality and environmental consequences. Economic growth is a quantitative measure of the increase of GDP over a period of time. A rise in economic growth means that there

Kant And The Categorical Imperative - 1177 Words

Immanuel Kant was a philosopher who tried to work out how human beings could be good and kind outside admiration and devotion of traditional religions. Kant was a pessimist about human character and believed that we are by nature intensely prone to corruption. This became more clear to Kant after reading the work of philosopher David Hume. It was this that led him to formulate his life’s project, the desire to replace religious authority with the authority of reason, that is human intelligence. When it came to religion, Kant argued that although historical religions had all been wrong in the content of what they believed, they had latched onto a great need to promote ethical behavior, a need which still remained. It was in this context†¦show more content†¦However, this statement leads to a contradiction. Kant’s wording specifically states that moral actions cannot bring about contradictions. The contradiction here is that no one would say that everyone should steal all the time. If that were the case everyone would steal from each other. Another example that contradicts Kant’s statement of universal law is about cheating in a relationship. If I wanted to cheat on my partner, I would have to be willing to make it the case that everyone always cheat on their partner - but if this were to happen no one would ever trust to be in a relationship with someone else. So, if you willed ,that cheating, should become a universal law then you would prevent your goal making it impermissible to lie according to the categorical imperative. The second formulation known as The Formula of Humanity states that we should act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means but always at the same time as an end. To treat a person as an end, for Kant meant keeping in view that they have a life of their own in which they were seeking happiness and fulfillment and deserve justi ce and fair treatment. The Formula of Humanity does not eliminate using people as means to our ends. This would be absurd since we do this all the time but we do it in morally appropriate ways. We use people all the time, such as professors, doctorsShow MoreRelatedKant And Kant s Categorical Imperative1241 Words   |  5 Pages Immanuel Kant, an 18th-century moral philosopher, had contended that the fundamental principle of morality is the Categorical Imperative, from here will be additionally labeled as (CI) or otherwise mentioned. He supported his view by suggesting a pure moral philosophy; a metaphysics of morals that is not solely for rational beings to explore different ¬ sources of basic moral principles that are found through their own observational experience a priori, but additionally for the sake of morality asRead MoreThe Categorical Imperative : Immanuel Kant842 Words   |  4 PagesThe categorical imperative is Immanuel Kant’s improvement on the Golden rule and all rules associated with the Golden Rule. We are called by Kant to act as how we wish all others to act. According to an article in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"Kant characterized the [categorical imperative] as an objective, rationally necessary and unconditional principle that we must always follow despite any natural desires or inclinations we may have to the contrary† (Johnson and Cureton). The categoricalRead MoreImmanuel Kant And The Categorical Imperative1437 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant, a German philosopher, specifically a deontologist, has two imperatives: the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative. These imperatives describe what we ought to do and are only applicable to rational beings because they are the only beings that recognize what they ought or ought not to do. The hypothetical imperative is when an individual’s actions are reasoned by their desire, so they only act with the intention of fulfilling th eir desires. The categorical imperativeRead MoreEthics of Kant and the Categorical Imperative1817 Words   |  8 PagesKant’s Categorical Imperative What is a categorical imperative? A categorical imperative is a moral obligation which is absolute and necessary in any moral situation and isn’t reliant on a singular person’s desires or wills. For Kant, categorical imperatives are the foundation for morality because they invoke â€Å"pure† reasons for our moral actions and decisions since each rational being reasons to act outside of their own personal desires or will which may cloud judgments or impose a biased verdictRead More Kant and the Categorical Imperative Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesKant and the Categorical Imperative Kant tried to develop a theory of ethics which relied on reason rather than emotion. While he was not anti-religious, he wanted an ethical system which was not clouded by religion, emotion or personal interpretation. He placed emphasis on motives behind an action rather than, like the Utilitarians, the consequences of an action. He believed that consequences were no guide to whether an action was moral or not. His theory is known asRead MoreCategorical Imperative By Immanuel Kant946 Words   |  4 Pagesregardless of religion or belief in a God. Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative, arguably what he is best known for can be summed up for an argument for making the right moral decision, as if they applied to everyone equally. This can be done using a person’s sense of reason, and consideration for others. Likewise these imperatives are the moral obligations you need to follow, despite your desires. While applying this to religions, Kant believed that making a moral choice based on religion was thatRead MoreKant s The Categorical Imperative875 Words   |  4 PagesKant believed that good intentions count. He also thought that the morality of an action is determined by the intentions behind it rather than its consequences. Kant tells that courage isn’t good by itself, but good when combined with good intentions. In Kant’s eyes, consequences are irrelevant to assessments of moral worth. He believed the only appropriate motive for moral action is a sense of duty. Sense of duty is doing something so lely because it is the right thing to do, not just acting purelyRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, I will explain the concept of Kant’s Categorical Imperative, and show how he used it to justify why it is wrong to lie to an inquiring murderer. I will note how he arrived at this conclusion, and why I consider it to be the correct moral answer. According to Kant, the Categorical Imperative is the supreme law of morality by which a particular rule that an individual takes as a maxim must be accepted by all rational beings. This universal acceptance is what judges an action to beRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesutilitarianism, Kant was more focused on intent and action itself. This leads into one of Kantian ethics main ideals; you mustn’t treat another human being as a means to an end. Kant’s Categorical Imperative (CI) is a deontological theory, which relied heavily on his belief that humans are all capable of reason in the same manner, on the same level (A Brief Summary of Kant s Categorical Imperative, 2012). Kant recognized 2 kinds of moral ‘imperatives’, a hypothetical imperative (what must be doneRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesIn section I of Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative, Kant argues that every huma n being alive is subject to the categorical imperative. Kant came to this conclusion by arguing that the only thing that is good without needing qualification is a good will. Throughout this paper I will discuss Kant’s good will and his three propositions. A good will is an act done from duty and motivated by respect. If a person manifests a good will in action, the respect for duty determines that I do the action

Opposites Attract Free Essays

Opposites attract, similar to how magnets are drawn to each other. This tragic love story sheds light on Romeo and Juliet, a pair of star-crossed lovers. The play Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare, features a love story between the two main characters, Romeo and Juliet and takes place in Verona, Italy. We will write a custom essay sample on Opposites Attract or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two rival families, the Capulets and the Montagues, and Juliet and Romeo are the â€Å"star-crossed lovers† from the two opposing families. In Act II Scene II, Romeo is talking to Juliet on the balcony immediately after they meet. Here, Shakespeare reveals Romeo’s and Juliet’s personalities in the scene. Shakespeare reveals a passionate and impulsive side to Romeo, while on the other hand, reveals a hesitant and cautious side to Juliet. Shakespeare reveals that Romeo has a passionate, as well as impulsive love for Juliet. In the balcony scene he says to Juliet, â€Å"My life were better ended by their hate, than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. †(82) This suggests that Romeo is saying that he would choose death over Juliet not loving him, and reveals his fervent love for Juliet. Also, he boldly states, â€Å"Therefore thy kinsmen are no stop to me. †(72) He declares this because he is so deeply in love with her. He has the courage to say this even when he knows that Juliet’s relatives want to kill him because he is a Montague. Romeo’s impulsive behavior is suggested when he asks, â€Å"Th’ exchange of thy love’s faithful vow for mine†(134). Even though Romeo had just met Juliet that night, he proposes that they get married, which reveals that he is impetuous. Romeo is characterized as passionate but impulsive, which leads him rushing into decisions, and ultimately his death. Juliet is shown to be hesitant and cautious because is mature beyond her age. She is cautious about Romeo’s love for her, almost skeptical of it, because she says to him, â€Å"And if thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully† (99). This shows that she wants to be reassured that he truly loves her. When Romeo proposes for them to marry, she responds â€Å"It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden† (125) which shows that Juliet thinks that they should be careful, because she believes their love is developing too quickly. She then compares their love to what it could be, â€Å"Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be† which means that like lightning, their love can disappear as fast as it appeared. She is worried that this will happen to them as well. Her cautious and hesitant behavior balances out Romeo’s character and actions. Shakespeare suggests that Romeo and Juliet are very different in character. Romeo is quick to act, while Juliet takes her time and thinks of the possible outcomes. Their personalities create a perfect balance. Although they complete each others’ personalities, their young and sudden love is like the always changing and tumultuous ocean. The two lovers should not rush into their love because their love for each other, as Juliet says â€Å"Follow thee my lord throughout the world†, foreshadows that Juliet will ultimately follow Romeo into death because of their love. Love holds the power to make people do extraordinary things but sometimes may lead to irreversible consequences, such as death. How to cite Opposites Attract, Papers

Heart Disease (4511 words) Essay Example For Students

Heart Disease (4511 words) Essay Heart DiseaseChapter 1 INTRODUCTIONIn todays society, people are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet, coronary heart disease remains the number one killer in the world. The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides, AIDS and so on. What a lot of people are not realizing is that coronary heart disease actually accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths from cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, and others, COMBINED. One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is Angina pectoris or clogged arteries as it usually called unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it seriously, and thus not realizing that it may lead to other complications, and even death. THE HUMAN HEARTIn order to understand angina, one must know about our own heart. The human heart is a powerful muscle in the body which is worked the hardest. A double pump system, the heart consists of two pumps side by side, which pump blood to all parts of the body. Its steady beating maintains the flow of blood through the body day and night, year after year, non-stop from birth until death. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ slightly bigger than a persons clenched fist. It is located in the center of the chest, under the breastbone above the sternum, but it is slanted slightly to the left, giving people the impression that their heart is on the left side of their chest. The heart is divided into two halves, which are further divided into four chambers: the left atrium and ventricle, and the right atrium and ventricle. Each chamber on one side is separated from the other by a valve, and it is the closure of these valves that produce the lubb-dubb sound so familiar to us. Like any other organs in our body, the heart needs a supply of blood and oxygen, and coronary arteries supply them. There are two main coronary arteries, the left coronary artery, and the right coronary artery. They branch off the main artery of the body, the aorta. The right coronary artery circles the right side and goes to the back of the heart. The left coronary artery further divides into the left circumflex and the left anterior descending artery. These two left arteries feed the front and the left side of the heart. The division of the left coronary artery is the reason why doctors usually refer to three main coronary arteries. SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASEThere are three main symptoms of coronary heart disease: Heart Attack, Sudden Death, and Angina. Heart AttackHeart attack occurs when a blood clot suddenly and completely blocks a diseased coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle cells supplied by that artery. Coronary and Coronary Thrombosis are terms that can refer to a heart attack. Another term, Acute myocardial infarction, means death of heart muscle due to an inadequate blood supply. Sudden DeathSudden death occurs due to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest may be the first symptom of coronary artery disease and may occur without any symptoms or warning signs. Other causes of sudden deaths include drowning, suffocation, electrocution, drug overdose, trauma (such as automobile accidents), and stroke. Drowning, suffocation, and drug overdose usually cause respiratory arrest which in turn cause cardiac arrest. Trauma may cause sudden death by severe injury to the heart or brain, or by severe blood loss. Stroke causes damage to the brain which can cause respiratory arrest and/or cardiac arrest. AnginaPeople with coronary artery disease, whether or not they have had a heart attack, may experience intermittent chest pain, pressure, or discomforts. This situation is known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the narrowing of the coronary arteries temporarily prevents an adequate supply of blood and oxygen to meet the demands of working heart muscles. Chapter 2ANGINA PECTORISAngina Pectoris (from angina meaning strangling, and pectoris meaning breast) is commonly known simply as angina and means pain in the chest. The term angina was first used during a lecture in 1768 by Dr. William Heberden. The word was not intended to indicate pain, but rather strangling, with a secondary sensation of fear. Victims suffering from angina may experience pressure, discomfort, or a squeezing sensation in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. The pain may radiate to the arms, the neck, even the upper back, and the pain may come and go. It occurs when the heart is not receiving enough oxygen to meet an increased demand. Angina, as mentioned before, is only temporarily, and it does not cause any permanent damage to the heart muscle. The underlying coronary heart disease, however, continues to progress unless actions are taken to prevent it from becoming worse. Signs and SymptomsAngina does not necessarily involve pain. The feeling varies from individuals. In fact, some people described it as chest pressure, chest distress, heaviness, burning feeling, constriction, tightness, and many more. A person with angina may feel discomforts that fit one or several of the following descriptions:Mild, vague discomfort in the center of the chest, which may radiate to the left shoulder or arm Dull ache, pins and needles, heaviness or pains in the arms, usually more severe in the left arm Pain that feels like severe indigestion Heaviness, tightness, fullness, dull ache, intense pressure, a burning, vice-like, constriction, squeezing sensation in the chest, throat or upper abdomen Extreme tiredness, exhaustion of a feeling of collapse Shortness of breath, choking sensation A sense of foreboding or impending death accompanying chest discomfort Pains in the jaw, gums, teeth, throat or ear lobePains in the back or between the shoulder bladesAngina can be so severe that a person may feel frightened, or so mild that it might be ignored. Angina attacks are usually short, from one or two minutes to a maximum of about four to five. It usually goes away with rest, within a couple of minutes, o r ten minutes at the most. (LIVING WITH ANGINA)Different Forms of AnginaThere are several known forms of angina. Brief pain that comes on exertion and leave fairly quickly on rest is known as stable angina. When angina pain occurs during rest, it is called unstable angina. The symptoms are usually severe and the coronary arteries are badly narrowed. If a person suffers from unstable angina, there is a higher risk for that person to develop heart attacks. The pain may come up to 20 times a day, and it can wake a person up, especially after a disturbing dream. Another type of angina is called atypical or variant angina. In this type of angina, pain occurs only when a person is resting or asleep rather than from exertion. It is thought to be the result of coronary artery spasm, a sort of cramp that narrows the arteries. Causes of AnginaThe main cause of angina is the narrowing of the coronary arteries. In a normal person, the inner walls of the coronary arteries are smooth and elastic, allowing them to constrict and expand. This flexibility permits varying amounts of oxygenated blood, appropriate to the demand at the time, to flow through the coronary arteries. As a person grows older, fatty deposits will accumulate on the artery walls, especially if the linings of the arteries are damaged due to cigarette smoking or high blood pressure. When people are very tense, they usually over-breathe or hold their breath altogether. Shallow, irregular but rapid breathing washes out carbon dioxide from the system and the blood will become over-oxygenated. One might think that the more oxygen in the blood the better, but overloaded blood actually does not give up oxygen as easily, therefore the amount of oxygen available to the heart is reduced. Carbon dioxide is present in the blood in the form of carbonic aci d, when there is a loss in carbonic acid, the blood becomes more basic, or alkaline, which leads to spasm of blood vessels, almost certainly in the brain but also in the heart another factor maybe atherosclerosis. ATHEROSCLEROSISThe coronary arteries may be clogged with atherosclerotic plaques, thus narrowing the diameter. Plaques are usually collections of connection tissue, fats, and smooth muscle cells. The plaque project into the lumen, the passageway of the artery, and interfere with the flow of blood. In a normal artery, the smooth muscle cells are in the middle layer of the arterial wall; in ATHEROSCLEROSIS they migrate into the inner layer. The reason behind their migration could hold the answers to explain the existence of ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Two theories have been developed for the cause of ATHEROSCLEROSIS. The first theory was suggested by German pathologist Rudolf Virchow over 100 years ago. He proposed that the passage of fatty material into the arterial wall is the initial cause of ATHEROSCLEROSIS. The fatty material, especially cholesterol, acts as an irritant, and the arterial wall respond with an outpouring of cells, creating atherosclerotic plaque. The second theory was developed by Austrian pathologist Karl Von Rokitansky in 1852. He suggested that atherosclerotic plaques are aftereffects of blood-clot organization (thrombosis). The clot adheres to the intima and is gradually converted to a mass of tissue, which evolves into a plaque. There are evidences to support the latter theory. It has been found that platelets and fibrin (a protein, the final product in thrombosis) are often found in atherosclerotic plaques, also found are cholesterol crystals and cells which are rich in lipid. The evidence suggests that thrombosis may play a role in ATHEROSCLEROSIS, and in the developmen t of the more complicated atherosclerotic plaque. Though thrombosis may be important in initiating the plaque, an elevated blood lipid level may accelerate arterial narrowing. (FIGHTING HEART DISEASE)Chapter 3C.I.P portion of my paper cannot be in-depthly discussed until I finish my community service At Canterbury Inn medical assisted center. This why at this time cannot give a accurate evaluation of my work until it finished. The Resting Place EssayOnce the section of vein has been removed, it is attached to the heart. One end of the vein is sewn to the aorta, while the other end is sewn into the affected coronary artery just beyond the diseased segment. The grafted vein now becomes the new artery through which the blood can flow freely beyond the obstruction. The original artery is thus bypassed. The whole operation requires about four to five hours, and may be longer if there is more than one bypass involved. After the operation, the patient is sent to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for recovery. The angina pain is usually relieved or controlled, partially or completely, by the operation. However, the operation does not cure the underlying disease, so the effects may begin to diminish after a while, which may be anywhere from a few months to several years. The only way patients can avoid this from happening is to change their lifestyles. AngioplastyThis operation is a relatively new procedure, and it is known in full as transluminal balloon coronary Angioplasty. It entails squashing the atherosclerotic plaque with balloons. A very thin balloon catheter is inserted into the artery in the arm or the leg of a patient under general anaesthetic. The balloon catheter is guided under x-ray just beyond the narrowed coronary artery. Once there, the balloon is inflated with fluid and the fatty deposits are squashed against the artery walls. The balloon is then deflated and drawn out of the body. This technique is a much simpler and more economical alternative to the bypass surgery. The procedure itself requires less time and the patient only remains in the hospital for a few days afterward. Exactly how long the operation takes depends on where and in how many places the artery is narrowed. It is most suitable when the disease is limited to the left anterior descending artery, but sometimes the plaques are simply too hard, maki ng them impossible to be squashed, in which case a bypass might be necessary. (HEART DISEASE)SELF-HELPThe only way patients can prevent the condition of their heart from deteriorating any further is to change their lifestyles. Although drugs and surgery exist, if the heart is exposed to pressure continuously and it strains any further, there will come one day when nothing works, and all that remain is a one-way ticket to heaven. The following are some advices on how people can change the way they live, and enjoy a lifetime with a healthy heart once more. WorkA person should limit the amount of exertions to the point where angina might occur. This varies from person to person, some people can do just as much work as they did before developing angina, but only at a slower pace. Try to delegate more, reassess your priorities, and learn to pace yourself. If the rate of work is uncontrollable, think about changing the job. ExerciseEveryone should exercise regularly to ones limits. This may sound contradictory that, on the one hand, you are told to limit your exertion and, on the other, you are told to exercise. It is actually better if one exercise regularly within his or her limits. Exercises can be grouped into two categories: isotonic and isometric. People suffering from angina should limit themselves to only isotonic exercises. This means one group of muscle is relaxed while another group is contracted. Examples of this type of exercise include walking, swimming leisurely, and yoga; some harder exercises are cycling and jogging. Weight LossThe more weight there is on the body, the more work the heart has to do. Reducing unnecessary weight will reduce the amount of strain on the heart, and likely lower blood pressure as well. One can lose weight by simply eating less than their normal intake, but keep in mind that the major goal is to cut down on fatty and sugar foods, which are low in nutrients and high in calories. DietWhat you eat can have a direct effect on the kind of condition you are in. To stay fit and healthy, eat fewer animal fats, and foods that are high in cholesterol. They include fatty meat, lard, sweets, butter, cream and hard cheese, eggs, prawns, offal and so on. Also, the amount of salt intake should be reduced. Eat more food containing a high amount of fiber, such as wholegrain cereal products, pulses, whole-meal bread, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables. Alcohol, tea and coffeeAlcohol in moderation does no harm to the body, but it does contain calories and may slow the weight loss progress. People can drink as much mineral water, fruit juice and ordinary or herb tea as they wish, but no more than two cups of coffee per day. CigarettesIt has been medically proven that cigarettes do the body no good at all. It makes the heart beat faster, constricts the blood vessels, and generally increases the amount of work the heart has to do. The only right thing to do is to quit smoking, it will not be easy, but it is worth the effort. StressStress can actually be classified as a major risk factor, and it is one neglected by most people. Try to avoid those heated arguments and emotional situations that increase blood pressure, as well as stimulate the release of stress hormones. If they are unavoidable, try to anticipate them and prevent the attack by sucking an angina tablet beforehand. RelaxationHelp your body to relax when feeling tense by sitting or lying down quietly. Close your eyes, breathe slowly and deeply through the nose, make each exhalation long, soft and steady. An adequate amount of sleep each night is always important. CONCLUSIONAngina pectoris is not a disease which affect a persons heart permanently, but to encounter angina pain means something is wrong. The pain is the hearts distress signal, a built-in warning device indicating that the heart has reached its maximum workload. Upon experiencing angina, precautions should be taken. This mean you should go see a doctor now!!! Dont hesitate. A persons lifestyle also plays a major role in determining the chance of developing heart diseases. If people do not learn how to prevent it themselves, coronary artery disease will remain as the single biggest killer in the world, by far. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHYAmsterdam, Ezra A. and Ann M. Holms. TAKE CARE OF YOUR HEART new York, Facts on File, 1984Houston, B. Kent and C.R. Snyder. TYPE A BEHAVIOUR PATTERN, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1988Pantano, James A. LIVING WITH ANGINA, New York, Harper Row, 1990. Patel, Chandra. FIGHTING HEART DISEASE, Toronto, Macmillan, 1988. Shillingford, J.P CORONARY HEART DISEASE: THE FACTS,Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1982. The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION BASIC RESCUER MANUAL, Canada, 1987Tiger, Steven. HEART DISEASE, New York, Julian Messner, 1986. Medicine Essays