Introduction to Communication in Health Essay

List below the different reasons why people communicate: Communication is an integral part of life. Communication satisfies our constant need to relate to others, and have them relate to us. We use communication for numerous reasons, including; persuading, to seek information, to express emotion. Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of your own work: If you don’t show effective communication the person/people you are communicating to may not understand what it is you are saying/asking. They may also misinterpret what you mean therefore giving you an invalid response. Explain why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them: It’s important to view reactions, because only partially of communication is verbal, meaning that you are gong to be missing out on a large part of communication if you aren’t paying attention to peoples facial and bodily reactions. Face-to-face communication is the strongest and tightest coupled method of communication we have. Read more:  Different reasons people communicate  essay Explain how you have found out about an individual’s communication and language needs, wishes and preferences: Asking the service user, talking to colleagues, reading care plans and medical notes, asking relatives, are the ways to found out about an individual’s communication and language needs, wishes and preferences. List the barriers to communication: Language barrier Psychological barriers Gender barriers Culture barriers Emotional barriers Physical barriers If no ability to form ideas or to use a relative method of interacting with someone. Personal incompetence in communicating in an appropriate way with other people. Use of jargon or slang. Too much information – not able to process everything and take any more information in. Explain how you have identified sources of information and support or services to enable more effective communication. Translation Services – Can help with changing written text from one language to another. Interpreting Services – Can help in converting spoken language to another language. Speech & Language Services – Can support people who have had a stroke and have problems with their speech. Advocacy Service – Can support people who are unable to speak up for themselves. This service tries to understand the needs, wishes and preferences of people, and will argue on their behalf. Explain the term ‘confidentiality’ and how you implement it in your workplace: Confidentiality has been defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as â€Å"ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access†. Confidentiality is defined as keeping something secret, specifically relating to private information or communications. Confidentiality relates to the duty to maintain confidence and thereby respect privacy. Under the ethical principle of respect for a person’s autonomy, public health workers have an obligation to respect privacy. Describe situations where information normally considered to be confidential might need to be passed on: Sometimes confidential information about a client may need to be passed on to others. If there is a risk of danger or harm to the client, or other people, if abuse is suspected or if there is suspected misconduct by/of a colleague, in respect of care of a client. You must inform the client why the information needs to be passed on to others, and that it is your responsibility to do so. Explain how and when to seek advice about confidentiality: This will be outlined in company policies and procedures or codes of practice. The Data Protection Act 1998 was made to protect a person’s personal and sensitive information.

Hilton Hotels Corporation Marketing Analysis Essay

The marketing issues addressed here are focused on how to draw more consumers from other gambling casinos, and how to make Hilton a resort destination. Two-thirds of Hilton’s total operating earnings in the early 1990’s were derived from the four casinos they owned in Las Vegas, Nevada. Expanding on this idea will ensure the hotel chain firmly plants its feet in the entertainment and resort business (Hilton Case Study). By investing massive amounts of revenue into developing their gaming division, the Hilton will become a destination resort that would encompass of all the guest’s needs to keep them interested staying within the confines of the resort. Some considerations include how Hilton would get its market share of the billions of dollars in casino revenues. The percentage of gambling versus side attractions will influence the profit margins, depending on how much focus is placed on each area. The hotel chain can also strive to increase its overall occupancy rate of seventy percent while continuing to set the industry benchmark (Hilton Case Study). In researching how to improve marketing to attract customers, we must first look at where the Hilton stands today. Second, we must analyze what has worked in the past and see if we can apply past practices into the current market. Third, we shall look at how the competitors are more effective by looking at their gaming plans, marketing structure, customer’s spending habits and dollar/cost value based on guest surveys. Hilton entered the gaming market as an attempt to compete with the other big hotels for the gambling dollar. Investments in renovation and expansion caused Hilton to over- extend. Although the investments were needed to compete, the hotel chain felt it needed to lure big money to its locations, and extend credit more than usual. Heavy hitters receive this same courtesy from other hotels, but this puts a strain on the operating cash flow, as chasing bad credit costs money, and slows up cash flow. Gaming revenue was already down, which was attributable in part to renovation and more so to extended credit that had been difficult to reclaim. In today’s market, families are a prime target. Big beautiful hotels are  catering to families all along the Las Vegas strip. Gambling is still the main focus, but today’s gambler is more inclined to visit the â€Å"Casino Resort†, a place that the kids can stay, have a good time and be entertained. Meanwhile, the parents can drop next months mortgage money at the casino. This type of package appeals to the whole family. As far as quality of service, no one does it better than Hilton, because they create an environment that the customer, family or non-family guests will remember and to which they will want to return. The focus on entertainment is important, but Las Vegas is still â€Å"sin-city†. Three point six billion dollars have been spent in packaging entertainment; focus on the family is important, but a balance of adult-only and child-friendly entertainment is required. Gambling is the central purpose for casinos to exist. Continue to market the standard tables of chance, card tables, slot machines, and lavish floor shows, with headliners people recognize, and the main source of revenue will continue to flow. Have shopping, kids activities, and outdoor recreation available, but not as the focus of why travelers should visit, and that will provide entertainment for the rest of the family. Hilton should pull back the extended credit. By doing so, they may lose a few customers, but the resulting loss of risk will increase bottom-line profit. By changing the focus to families, the customers that discontinue patronizing the hotel for credit line reasons are not the desired target anymore. The chain should pay more attention to the middle-market segment, conventions, and sporting events such as youth tournaments and professional venues. In volume, the more people that move through the doors, the more money there is to be made. With this said, room rates must stay within the $100.00 a night rate with weekend promotions of Thursday through Sunday at a lower rate; perhaps 25% to 35% lower. This would be a novel concept, as the industry generally promotes lower room rates Monday through Thursday. The food and beverage structure should remain the same, as it has proven to be more than adequate and very popular. The increase in competition can be dealt with through better values in room rates, children’s activities, slot machines that pay off more frequently and the most important aspect of the business, service. Hilton could offer something that the other hotels do not: ensuring the employee responses to each customer’s needs are met with enthusiasm and expedience. People are paying for an experience along with the opportunity to break the house; give them what they are looking for. Word of mouth is far more powerful than any media advertisement. Hilton has entered the gaming industry. Gaming must focus on gambling and hotel must focus on hotel amenities and service. It would be the hotel’s responsibility to insure the entertainment, promotions and accommodations were settled; leaving the gaming operations to generate gaming interest. Advertising would be a joint effort, but casino operations would focus on the age 21 and older market. The two operations would report to the Chief Executive Officer and his staffs to ensure all objectives are met. It would be the CEO and staff’s responsibility to ensure both lines were working hand-in-hand, while maintaining separate operations. The purpose for this suggestion is to keep revenues separate so one function does not bear the full brunt of any losses that may occur. The casino will always show a bigger profit than the hotel, but by having separate bottom lines, profit and losses are easier to control. The hotel/casino is one business, but must have two different mindsets as the casino and hotel does, and will operate much differently. Situational AnalysisThe U.S. based Hilton Hotels Corporation is a multi-billion dollar corporation and a leading brand in the hotel and gaming industry. Conrad Hilton started the company in 1919 with his first hotel purchase. Since then the company has grown to over 2,000 hotels globally, with several brand name acquisitions, including Bally’s, Hampton Inn, Doubletree Suites and Homewood Inn. Besides standard hotel service, the Hilton Corporation runs casinos, vacation ownership businesses and luxury hotels, like the Conrad Line. The Hilton Hotels Corporation earned in excess  of $3.8 billion in fiscal year 2003 (Datamonitor, p. 4). External FactorsAccording to the Datamonitor report, the Marriott and Hyatt Corporations are the Hilton Hotel Corporations biggest competitors. Las Vegas is a gaming town, thus every hotel is expected to have gambling casinos within. The Las Vegas Hilton website shows that they also provide live entertainment, including comics and headline musical acts, as well as hosting a million-dollar Blackjack tournament. These factors, along with the attractive room packages and gambling activities, should be enough to maintain the occupancy rate and keep the gambling action constant. According to its website, the Las Vegas Marriott is a hotel with 278 rooms. The Hyatt franchise is located 17 miles away from the Las Vegas strip on Lake Las Vegas, but is a resort, casino and spa. While the Hyatt is a luxury hotel chain, the Marriott is a corporation more in line with Hilton. The Marriott made over $9 billion in fiscal year 2003; more than three times the Hilton Hotel Corporation (Marriott Datamonitor report). To contend with a company of this magnitude is not an easy job for any of their competitors. Hilton Hotels Corporation is an enormous company as mentioned above; so sizable that they had to split the corporation into six main divisions, totaling approximately 100,000 employees worldwide. Hilton Hotels Corporation has been very successful since they were established in 1946. Their diversification profile is significant and ambitious; no matter where you go, there are Hilton hotels there. In addition, Hilton Corporation has been leading in customer service and efficient staffing by utilizing a call center to help them maintain their reputation for hospitality. Hilton Reservations Worldwide handles reservations and information requests for thousands of hotel properties, under their various brands, positioning the company on the top of: †¢ Accurate intraday forecasts†¢ Reduced management costs†¢ Excellent customer service †¢ An edge over the competitionA company’s strength does not solely lie in the size of the company but in the management of the company, the employees and their commitment to their customers. Hilton’s management promoted brand relevancy within minority markets. Their sales team strategic initiatives are to target the multicultural market. In relation to their employees, Hilton’s are some of the finest. They are trained to do their jobs with care and make sure the customers are comfortable and happy. The customer personal profile allows the Hilton employees to treat each customer as a unique and special individual. WeaknessEvery company has weaknesses; Hilton Hotels weakness lied in its inability to recover quickly from the attacks on America in 2001. Although Hilton Hotels is a large company in many locations across the country, they had to reduce their manpower due to the decline in business. Matthew J. Hart (president and CEO) said; â€Å"we have had a lot of job losses – about 2,500 full-time equivalent jobs out of a worldwide workforce of 100,000. But we have no plans for any more, unless business gets worse† (Finch, 2001, p.1). The September 11th attacks left the whole nation in awe, in grief, and for many New Yorkers, jobless. The attacks left the airline and hotel industry to recover from lost sales. Another weakness the hotel industry is facing is the evident decline in supply. The below chart shows how the demand to occupy the Hilton hotels has been a declining behavior during the last years:A closer examination of the demand cycle for economy hotels during the past several years reveals a pattern that is not consistent with other hotels. The rate of demand growth in this segment began declining during mid-2000, about nine months before a similar effect was felt industry-wide. In addition, as the industry’s demand recovery has begun to accelerate the rate of demand growth, the economy segment has plateaud. Of even more concern is that the number of rooms currently being purchased in this segment is still declining when compared to previous-years levels. (Look Smart Articles, 2004, p.1)OpportunitiesAs mentioned earlier, Hilton Hotels Corporation is known worldwide; with this notoriety their reputation will carry them to expand their hotel empire even further. Their opportunity lies in the growing international market. The company is expecting 4-5% fee growth in 2004 within; new management contracts in Austin, Houston, Omaha and Conrad Miami. The company market overview reveals that recent trends in major markets are:†¢ Strong in New York, D.C., Hawaii†¢ Stable in New Orleans, Boston†¢ Weak in San Francisco, ChicagoThere will always be a demand for hotels and resorts. Currently, Hilton Hotels are working on more room availability; 80% of rooms have been renovated within last five years, and they are expanding into new markets. They also have â€Å"Best Rates. Guaranteed†, Internet easy access with a success rate of utilization from the customers:†¢ 13% of all reservations†¢ 85% through proprietary websites†¢ Self-service kiosksThis kind of service assists in making the experience convenient for the customer. Along with the convenience, Hilton Corporation and their six divisions take pride in making ever y building feel like home and ensuring the customer is satisfied and pleased with their accommodations (Hilton Hotels Corporation, 2003, s.3-5). ThreatsA few of the threats for The Hilton are competition, and a declining economy. The competition for The Hilton is not only other hotel companies, but restaurants and other service centers as well. Marriott is the main competitor of The Hilton amongst other hospitality companies. Because Hilton is so grand and reputable, they have more room for error, which also makes them vulnerable. As time passes, the Hilton Hotels continue to strive for excellence and perfection. They make each new hotel or resort better than the last. Because of the continuous growth of this company, it has dealt  with it’s competition head on (Nairn, 2001, p.3). The second threat is the economic decline of this century. Since the September 11th attacks in New York City, the American economy has been declining in all service industry areas. There was an ominous fear of flying and for quite some time, many people chose not to travel for vacations or long-distance business trips. This reaction to the events of 2001 hurt the hospitality industry, and made difficult rebuilding what they lost in revenue. Fortunately, this trend has started to change and the industry will soon recover from their losses. This is an area that still needs close monitoring from the executives of the corporation. References Datamonitor Hilton Hotels Company Overview August 2004. Datamonitor Marriott International Inc. Overview August 2004. Finch, J. (2001, November 16). Hilton reports impact of September 11. Retrieved October 26, 2004, http://www.union-network.org/unitourism.nsf/2c89b80c011f2519c1256b06002163c2?OpenDocumentHotels Hilton Hotels Corporation. (1998, Fall 1998). Corporate History. Retrieved October 26, 2004, Http://hiltonworldwide.hilton.com/en/ww/company-_info/corporate_history.jhtml;jsessionid=FGTDSXUCGXCGSCSGBIX222QKIYFCXUUCHilton Case Study. https://mycampus.phoenix.edu/secure/resource/resource.asp Retrieved October 23, 2004. Hilton Hotels Corporation (2003, July). Hilton: Great Brands and a Balanced Business Model (presentation). Retrieved October 26, 2004, http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/NYS/HLT/Hilton%20Presentation%20February%202004/tsld002.htmhttp://www.lakelasvegas.com/http://www.lv-hilton.com/http://www.vacationclub.com/en-us/vc/about/marriottworld/lasvegas.asp?cookies=trueLook Smart Articles (2004, January 14). Economy segment lags industry in key performance measures – Trends & Stats. Retrieved October 26, 2004,

Health Law and Regulations Essay

Health care is high on the list of the most regulated entities. Regulated by the government, the health care sector is also regulated by different private bodies. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) together with the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA) and different medical specialties form part of the private health care regulatory entities that collaborate with the government. Health care regulation is focused on three main roles; cost control, quality control, and access expansion and control. These three functions are subdivided into objectives covering each aspect pertaining to the health care area. While the regulatory program exists to accomplish the three above-mentioned objectives, the implementation of each objective affects one another. Example, quality control causes a reduction of access, and increases the cost because of an increase in demand. Despite the interdependence of these objectives, health care regulation does not indulge competition amongst the regulatory bodies. Important in the regulatory industry are those who engage each other with the same goal towards improving the health care. A majority of the health care regulatory federal agencies in America are comprised within the Federal Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The American constitution directs all health care regulators to obey the set legal process as their activities contain the potential to limit or breach the rights of health care. Health care is a high level of bureaucracy and extensive legal procedures. Regulators are provided a notice for their proposed regulation with findings to support it, after which the sector under regulation is allowed to contest or appeal the proposal. The legal process is appealed in every health care procedure, whether if it’s to test a new drug, suspend a practitioner’s license, or a regulation on  environmental standards. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a health care regulation signed into law on the 23rd of March, 2010. The law’s main focus had been to increase the affordability and quality of American health insurance. Its policies were focused on lowering the rates imposed on the uninsured through the expansion of both the private and public insurance covers. It had also aimed to reduce the health care costs incurred by the government along with citizens. Barely seven days after its enforcement had a new health care law come into effect with amendments to the ACA. On March 30, 2010, the president of the United States signed into law the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. The law had been enacted by the 111th US congress (Blackman, 2013). The ACA has advantages as disadvantages, and has been at the forefront of political criticism since its enactment. Its strongest opponents have cited it to be punitive of the high-end earners to cushion the middle and lower classes. It has also been reported to weigh heavily on the nation’s wage bill. In a nutshell, the ACA is designed to cover the majority of American’s health care insurance. However, the regulation’s cost factor has proven unsustainable without economically hurting the high earning entities. The effect of ACA’s implementation has caused an overall negative economic realignment as various entities strive to remain afloat; working hours have been significantly downsized by various corporations in anticipation of unsustainable insurance compliance. The ACA regulation is seen as an economically crippling element in America’s overall economic composite. The enormous tax burden shouldered by high earning entities is evidenced to trickle down to the middle and low income earners which resultantly deduces the benefits intended for these groups in an even more severe way. To begin with, although the ACA provides affordable or free health care insurance to tens of millions of American populations, funding is raised through taxes. With a hike in taxes for health care funding, earning populations are left with less to spend. The American middle and low income groups are even more affected by the adverse effects as inflation sets in to recover the growing deficit induced by the regulation’s implementation. The ACA had been endorsed as an affordability initiative but the repercussive costs have indicated the regulation as a costly affair across the board. Insurance players report certain clauses in the regulation as detrimental to the process. An example is the regulations directive for insurance to extend their coverage even to sick uninsured people at no extra cost. The resultant effect has been the rise in insurance premium costs which further complicates the insurer’s role in the initiative. Nearly all the beneficial aspects within the regulation are countered with contradictory challenges that undermine its purpose. While Medicaid is expanded by the regulation to cover an estimate 15.9 million citizens below 138% of the property level, the cost is met by state and federal funding which further imposes an immense measure of tax escalation. The regulation however features more benefits than limitations with regard to women initiatives. The ACA grants up to 47 million women access to health care services comprising wellness and preventative care. Additionally, the law prohibits women paying more than men for health care services as had been the case prior to enactment (Blackman, 2013). The ACA regulation started 157 new agencies, boards and programs to oversee the efficient implementation of the law alongside regulating health care spending. Although there are negative cost implications associated with the huge oversight entities provisioned in the regulation, proponents argue these costs to be necessary in controlling the unaccounted health care expenditure (Blackman, 2013). Employment in America is currently readjusting to comply with the regulation’s 2015 implementation phase requiring all employers to provide an insurance cover on their employees. The resultant effect to this change has been two faced; small business have been employing part time employees full time to comply with the 2015 mandate while large businesses have been reducing part time working hours to avoid paying the employees insurance when the phase is implemented. The ACA is illustrated as a complex employment factor with many jobs feared to be lost as many new ones are created. Notably, the regulation projects an  outcome where employees will freely leave their respective jobs without fear for losing retirement benefits affiliated to health care. Accordingly, the regulation aims to decrease employees working hours while maintaining and creating new employment opportunities. Despite the employment benefits highlighted within the ACA, many citizens remain skeptical of the upcoming 2015 employer-insurance phase. Dissenting political sentiments are pitching the impending reforms as a negative aspect of the ACA enactment set to diminish numerous job opportunities. Federal and private health care regulation remains as an important component in the broader sense of the health industry covering every single aspect entailed in human health. The quality, cost and access control objectives are characteristic to every health related industry. With regard to personal experience, I have on several occasions observed medical licenses revoked for certain practitioners following a legal process to dispute the quality displayed by the practitioners in context. The two mentioned above 2010 health care regulations contain a complex and mostly long term agenda aimed at bettering the quality of health care services in America. The current challenges are largely short-term and should not be invoked to undermine long-term benefits. A healthy debate is however essential to ensure minimized negations throughout the implementation process. References Top of Form Blackman, J. (2013). Unprecedented: The constitutional challenge to Obamacare. Bottom of Form

Psoriasis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Psoriasis - Research Paper Example Thus, acceptance of the situation is an indispensable ingredient to maximize the clients’ adherence to any therapy. In this paper, the efficacy of the available treatment options for psoriasis will be comprehensively examined including the social issues affixed and outlook of the situation. In doing this, an overview of the disorder comprising the causes, risks, and pathophysiology will be briefly discussed. The cure for psoriasis has been a lifetime dream for dermatologists and affected clients. The quality of life of clients afflicted with psoriasis suffers greatly within 5 to 10 years after onset. Although it is not transmissible to other people, the appearance of the lesions affects the clients' social functioning (Winterfield et al, 2005). Traditional therapeutic regimens are continuously challenged by more recent discoveries in biochemistry and immunologic medicine. Some forms of treatment, like phototherapy and topical therapy, are used as a combination therapy rather t han used alone. In any case, minor and major adverse effects manifest themselves that limit the clients’ adherence to the prescribed therapy. Presently, medical practitioners continue to discover potential treatment options that would precipitate fewer side- effects. As the genetic correlation and immunologic alteration of the disorder are being studied, the use of biologic agents and gene therapy may become one of the treatment options in the future. Several scientists are becoming more and more aggressive in the treatment by using monoclonal antibodies purposely altered to suppress cell division of target cells (Winterfield et al, 2005). Pathophysiology The exact triggering mechanism involved in psoriasis consists of the dynamic interplay of individual factors and environment (Kumar et al, 2010). Although genetic predisposition to the condition has been recognized in some cases, the incidence of psoriasis remains relatively similar even in clients without a traceable family history. Moreover, the role of the environment as a risk factor can be seen in some clients when psoriatic lesions occur at areas with a history of skin injury, sunburn, and excoriation. Warm climates also appear to improve the condition (Ignatavicius and Workman, 2010). In addition, the immunologic causation of the condition can be observed in some clients who also developed debilitating arthritis. Because of this, psoriasis can be viewed as a systemic connective tissue disorder rather than a simple skin condition (McPhee et al, 2006). While it has been generally established that the onset of the condition occurs by 20 years of age, the condition may also manifest in older people at 57 to 60 years of age. Psoriasis is very common and affects nearly 1% to 2% of the population (Huether and McCance, 2006). The pathophysiologic basis of psoriasis highlights the involvement of an abnormality in the immune reaction in the skin which results from the overstimulation of the immune system (Kumar et al, 2010). Langerhans cells in the skin react with an unknown antigen, leading to T- lymphocyte activation which then attacks the keratinocytes. The resulting dermal inflammation causes scaling (McPhee et al, 2006). Normally, the cells in the basement membrane of the epidermis reach the outermost layer for about 27 days, while it only takes 4 to 5 days in the case of psoriasis. Cell maturation and keratinization are bypassed, thus the epidermis thickens and plaques form. Loosely cohesive keratin

Using social media for advertising Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Using social media for advertising - Coursework Example By seeing the growing reputation of these social networks among public, now advertisers are also choosing social networking sites to advertise their products and services. This paper discusses how advertisers take benefits of social networks to advertise their products. At the start we will discuss about social networks, after that we will discuss why people use social networks, and in the last we will discuss the role of social networks in advertising. According to (Boyd & Ellison, 2007), social media based sites or social networks are one of the most attractive web-based applications or tools which individuals/users use to perform the following actions: In this scenario, the basic objective of these social networks is not that they help individuals communicate and make relationships with unknown persons, but, it helps individuals create, maintain, and make identifiable their social networks or profiles. In other words, it can be said that this results in communication with individuals that would not in other ways be possible or done, even though that is not the main goal, since these communications or relationships are usually among "latent ties" the users having some offline links (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). Presently, the trend of social networking is growing everywhere and the social networking websites have turned out to be a family name. In spite of the fact that, it is an individual’s private or professional existence, they are in actual fact magnificent procedure for making new relationships online and communicating with friends, colleagues (Sedycias, 2009) because a social networking web site is a kind of website where individuals and groups are able to build up an online profile, after that they enter their interests in the profile, as well as they can add or insert connections to other profiles. In addition, the people using social networking sites are able

Orchestra metaphor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Orchestra metaphor - Research Paper Example At the same time, both conductor and project manager maintain responsibility and pay attention to coordinating role performance. An orchestra conductor is responsible for the rhythm and timing of the performance, as well as the mood and interpretation of the original composition, using fortes and pianissimos. Similarly, a project manager must be sensitive to the rhythm of a project, the timing of individual contributions, and the mood and interpretation of the original project proposal goals, intuiting when to push firmly and when to be gentle. The conductor accepts audience appreciation with dignity, and directs appreciation to orchestra members. A good project manager does the same. Unlike orchestra conductors, project managers coordinate with department heads, media, government officials, lawyers, graphic artists, etc., using a sense of humor to keep perspective, and bring everything in on time and under budget. Politician may be an appropriate metaphor. The most important quality to have is excellent communication skills, because a project manager must ask the right questions (Answers.com), influence people, and inspire and communicate shared vision (Bennis).

Women Fragmented Body As A Selling Tool Research Paper

Women Fragmented Body As A Selling Tool - Research Paper Example Advertising is a form of marketing communication where the elements or ingredients of communication is used to encourage, motivate, persuade and even manipulate an audience for causing some action, that is, causing sales and ensuring continuance of the action. 1 With the increasing competition and the emergence of newer entities in the market it has become extremely important to keep oneself into the glare of the public eye, the subject of the talk, constantly improve and renovate oneself and let people know about the same. This calls for the need of brilliant use of advertising and marketing skills. Advertisement in its basic form is conveying information about the existence of a particular product in the market or its availability, different features of the product, the listed price and its benefits to attract people to it. It is communication to cause sales of the product and even services. With the market becoming over crowded with products and service providers it is increasingly becoming important to get the attention of the public and maintain the same so that they do not lose their occupancy over the market. Not only that, it also aims to gain more market share and presence and increase it sales and become the unbeatable brand. 2 Advertisement is a marketing tool and, the main purpose of advertising is to grab the attention of people who are also the potential customers. 3 The thrust area of advertisements is to affect the audiences with the messages in the advertisements so that they are pursued to buy products or avail the advertised services. So, the advertisers use a number of attractive elements in the advertisements to get an instant share of the audience’s attention which later gets translated into pursuance for the sale of the product or services. 3 The robust development of technology has resulted television in every

Managing Organisations, People and Self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Organisations, People and Self - Essay Example Hole in the Wall is an organization that seems to be performing dismally. The organization’s problems are deep rooted from the testimony of the proprietor, John Barker. One of the main problem facing the organization is low motivation among employees. Another problem that the organization is facing is poor management. Yet another major problem that the company is facing relates to the lack of cooperation amongst employees. This paper will discuss the main problems facing Hole in the Wall and will present recommendations on how the problems can be solved. Employee Motivation One major problem that is hampering the progress of Hole in the Wall is low motivation among employees. From the testimony of Barker, it is evident that the employees working for the organization have low morale. This is evident from the fact that the level of employee absenteeism is quite high. Sally, the receptionist, has been absent from work for the last five days without the manager actually knowing th e reason behind her absenteeism. Yet another pointer to the low morale that the employees are facing is the high turnover. The business proprietor notes that one of the fitting teams has quit. This means that the company has lost two valuable employees. There are several reasons behind the low motivation that the employees of Hole in the Wall are experiencing. One of the factors behind the low motivation may relate to low pay. The employees mostly earn on commission without a monthly salary. Yet another reason for the low motivation that the employees experience relate to the management style being applied by the company’s proprietor. Barker seems not to be concerned about the welfare of his employees. This is evident in the fact that when some of his employees come to report the problems that they are facing, he dismisses them without giving an ear to what they have to say. It is said that highly motivated employees are more productive than demoralized employees are. Abraham Maslow noted in his hierarchy of needs theory that people are motivated differently. According to Maslow, what motivates one employee may not necessarily motivate another employee (Keller 2013, p. 38). This is because the needs of individuals differ from one person to another. Therefore, in managing employees, a manager needs to understand the needs of its workers in order to motivate them accordingly. Managers can use a variety of methods to maintain a motivated staff. One of the most effective ways of motivating employees is by creating a hospitable working environment for employees (Keller 2013, p. 40). Most employees are motivated when they work in an environment where employers understand them and fulfil their needs and desires. Managers can motivate their employees by creating an environment in which employees are free to discuss their issues with the management. Employers can also motivate their staff in the workplace by offering rewards for exceptional performance. Stein (2 010, p. 30) argued that a good manager is one who is able to recognize the achievement of his or her employees and reward accordingly. The reward may be in the form of salary increment, promotion, or gifts. For instance, researchers have found that employees with higher need for a salary increment are highly motivated

Stem Cell Research Legislation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Stem Cell Legislation - Research Paper Example By mid 2000s, many states like New Jersey allowed human cloning for for developing and harvesting stem cells from humans. However, others like Indiana and Michigan amended laws that prohibited human embryo creation or destruction for purposes of medical research (Vestal and Writer 2008). During his second term, in 2006, Bush for the first time used his presidential veto on Enhancement Act of Stem Cell Research, but it was not enacted into law. Chris Smith, a Jersey congress man, wrote the 2005 Research Act on Stem Cell Therapeutic, with some narrow exceptions, and President Bush signed it into law. When Obama took over as the US president, he removed federal funding restriction, which Bush had passed in 2001 and this only allowed 21 cell lines funding which had already been created. Contrary, the Dickey Budget Amendment in the 2009 Act on Omnibus Appropriations still bans funding by federal for creation of new cell lines. This means that the federal government can only fund research that uses hundreds of lines created by private and public funds The President’s Council (2005). Scientific Background Stem cells are found in many multicellular organisms for example hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and give rise to blood lineage cells. Embryonic stem cells differ from multi potent stem cells in that, they are pluripotent and hence are able to provide all body cells. The first embryonic stem cells in humans were isolated in 1998, but 1981, they had been isolated in mice (John and Joe, 2007). The cell therapy on stem cells is called stem cell treatments, which introduce new cells into bodies of humans for possible cancer, diabetes, and somatic cells treatment as well as other medical conditions. Stem cells might also be useful in cloning and they have also been used in repair of tissues that have been damaged by diseases (Neel and Silberner2008). After fertilization, according to John and Joe, (2007) a research conducted at the university of Wake Forest indicated that amniotic fluid sperm cells donated by pregnant mothers hold similar promise like embryonic stem cells. Under President Bill Clinton’s administration, NIH, in 2000 issued federal funding guidelines for embryonic stem cell research (John and Joe, 2007). Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act This was the name given to two similar bills that that passed through the house of senate and representatives in United States. President Bush vetoed the two bills but was not signed into law. Irrespective of their names, they hence remained as bills and not act. Act of 2005 was the first one to be vetoed by President Bush after five years of his inauguration. The bill however did not allow stem cell research to be funded by the federal government. If it was passed, it would have allowed new lines of stem cell research gotten from human embryos, which had been discarded and be created for treatments of fertility. The 2007 Act proposed federal legislation that could amend t he act of public health service to provide for stem cell research on human embryos. In April 2007, the bill was passed in the senate and the house by June. The 2009 act triggered more concerns on whether to enact the bill into law but was later passed by the congress in 2009. Stem Cell Research Legislation Stem cell research offers a positive to promise to the cure of certain deadly diseases like cancer and diabetes. Kirk, the Illinois republican says that it is

The Next Generation Space Telescope Essay Example for Free

The Next Generation Space Telescope Essay For decades the Hubble Telescope has played a pivotal role in astronomy’s history.   However, by 2013, the Hubble may pail in comparison to the Next Generation Space Telescope.   Now known as the James Webb Space Telescope, scientists are hopeful that this Hubble upgrade will prove beneficial in advancing space discovery.   This infrared, observation device named after NASA’s second director will be built, maintained, and operated by NASA along with the help of Canadian and European space associations (NASA, 2007).   With the tentative date of June 2013, scientists are eagerly awaiting a launch that will take place off the Ariane 5 rocket (European, 2007). With its mission well defined, the Webb Telescope will look for evidence to substantiate the Big Bang Theory.   Also, while studying the stars and other celestial bodies, they hope to uncover the origins of the galaxies (Birth, 2007). Taking advantage of the Webb Telescope’s new optic capabilities will do this.   The new scope will have a primary mirror that is six times larger than that of the Hubble Scope (NASA, 2007).   This mirror will be comprised of numerous segments, all of which will unfold post launch.   These segments will be perfectly positioned through the use of micrometers. The telescope also contains an Integrated Science Instrument Module. This module is composed of a Near Infrared Camera, a Near Infrared Spectrograph, and a Mid Infrared instrument.   These properties will allow the telescope to be light sensitive from a wavelength of .6 to 27 micrometers.   Webb’s telescope will have such visual acuity that â€Å"we can see details the size of a U.S. penny at a distance of about 24 miles† (NASA, 2007 ).  Ã‚   This telescope’s visual capacity is so great that it can even detect the faintest of objects.   With the hope of studying the first stars and galaxies of the universe, the scope has been designed to view bodies up to 100 times more than the Hubble (NASA, 2007). Once all of the images and data have been collected, they will be sent to earth via a higher frequency radio transmitter. However, for this to occur, certain precautions must be taken.   The near infrared instruments work at 30 Kelvin while the mid infrared instruments work at 7 Kelvin (Koris, 2007) To accommodate this, sunshades will be made to protect the scope from the sun’s harsh glare.   The shades will reduce the telescope temperature up to 50 Kelvin, allowing for all machinery to work properly.  Ã‚   Precautions like these are essential, as the Webb telescope will not be serviceable like the Hubble Telescope (NASA, 2007). Unlike the Hubble that is only 600 kilometers away, the Webb telescope is some 1.5million kilometers from the earth and far beyond a space shuttles reach. With an estimated cost of   $35 million dollars, the Webb Telescope went into its first design phase and by the summer of 2007 it is speculated that the telescope will go into its second and more detail oriented design phase.  Ã‚   Scientists have high hopes for the James Webb Space Telescope.  Ã‚   NASA (2007) even stated, â€Å"JWST [James Webb Space Telescope] will be the premier observatory of the next decade, serving thousands of astronomers worldwide. It will study every phase in the history of our Universe, ranging from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang, to the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, to the evolution of our own Solar System† (NASA, 2007). Works Cited Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems 2007, Available at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://jwstsite.stsci.edu/science/starbirth.shtml European Space Agency 2007, James Webb Space Telescope Overview,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available at http://www.esa.int/esaSC/120370_index_0_m.html Koris, Sally 2007, ‘James Webb Space Telescope Sunshield Membrane Passes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critical Space-Readiness Testes’, Available at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_releases NASA 2007, The James Webb Space Telescope, Available at http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/whois.html

Leadership approach and style in starbucks

Leadership approach and style in starbucks Q3.In publish statement, the CEO of Starbucks said if they had faith in me and my motives they wouldnt need a union (Seattle times 2.1.2007). What does this statement tell you about the CEOs view of leadership? Making reference to appropriate models and theories of leadership, provide a critical evaluation of the leadership approach and style in Starbucks. Introduction: Starbucks was started in early 70s by three friends and they introduced the beans coffee and its equipment to the market. Howard Schultz was a visionary person and he joined the company as a manger in Starbucks. Howard Schultz had the vision for the company and getting an idea of ready-to-drink coffee in a mug from Italy and introduced it in the Starbucks. He left the company in 1985 and started his own coffee shop with the name of Gironale. He always interested in Starbuck due to its inner capabilities. He bought the company in 1987 when previous owners decided to sell the company. Under Howards supervision and leadership, Starbucks grew rapidly. Schultz received an International Humanitarian Award in 1996. CEOs view of leadership: Many Scholars define leadership differently Leaders are individuals who establish direction for a working group of individuals who gain commitment form this group of members to this direction and who then motivate these members to achieve the directions outcomes (Conger, 1992). Chemers, M. M. (2002) Leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. CEO of Starbucks always admire people with talent and new ideas, he hired Howard Behar and Orin smith as financial and operational Managers. Starbucks achieved number of milestones under Schultz leadership and became the first private company in North America which provide benefits to part-timers and full-timers. According to the Starbucks CEOs statement If they had faith in me and my motives they wouldnt need a union reflects his powerful communication democratic skills as a leader. Exemplary leaders are devoted to building relationships based on mutual respect and caring (Watson, 1983). The mark of a successful leader is his ability to forecast the business trends and stay ahead of his competitors (Luthans, 1998). CEOs Motives: Howard believes in treating people with respect and dignity. He always cared about his employees and gave them the opportunities to come forward and show their abilities for the company. In 1999, Schultz stepped down from the post of CEO for Smith and continued as chairman and chief global strategist of company. According to Howards, treat people like family and they will be loyal and give their all and on his philosophy Starbucks created different benefit programs for employees including part timers. It consist of stock share plan, work life balance etc. Schultz played a major role in developing an employee ownership program at Starbucks shortly after he bought the company. He introduced Bean Stock plan in which all employees were eligible to get the shares of the company. Make them feel like an owner improved employees performance and to retain them. It boosted employee commitment and maintained low employee turnover (Long, 2002). Leadership Approach and style in Starbucks: For evaluating the approach and style in Starbucks I would like to take the help of some theories based on leadership approach and the style of leadership. According to Vechhio (2000) that Leadership might be based on function of personality or it can be seen as a behavioural category. Leadership is the act of influencing the performance of a prearranged set in its efforts toward goal scenery and goal attainment (Stogdill, 1950). Theories of Leadership Style and Approach: Charismatic leadership According to the researchers Charismatic leaders are those who persuade their followers because they have Unspoken capabilities in their communication or personality etc. researchers says that leaders communicate their ideas in such a way that they encourage their followers to achieve his vision (Jacobsen and House, 1999). According to Conger (1989) charismatic leadership approach is process of creating idea and persistent evaluation of the environment, corresponding vision by motivating and convincing arguments, structuring faith and commitment, attaining the vision by giving employees empowerment, using simple stories etc. Howard Schultz using this approaches provided them better work environment, involved them in decision making and also having a vision for rapid expansion which he communicated to his employees. Transformational Leadership Transformational leaders form a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents (Burns, 1978). The facts mentioned in case study about Howard Schultz shows that with different qualities of his leadership he was also a transformational leader. Schultz in early expansion of his business he transform a new strategy for the business and keep on introducing new things for the benefit of the company and for its employees. The transformational leaders motivate followers to do more than originally expected. Transformational leadership is consists of four basic components, Idealized influence, inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration (Bass, 1985). Howard Schultz being a tycoon for the employees, it is likely to attract and motivate workers. In a company people look for its leaders Vision, passion, Decision-making and team building qualities (Vogan, 2007). Understanding the way of leadership we can refer to these approaches: Traits approach: Leaders are born and consists of certain inherited characteristics or personalities traits. The functional approach: Leadership skills can be learned and developed. Leadership as behavioural category: the kind of behaviour of people in leadership and influence on group performance. Style approach: concerned with effects of leadership on those being led. Contingency models: deals with importance of situations. Interactions between the variables involved in leadership situation and behaviour. If we look at the case study we can determine that in Starbucks Howard Schultz approach is more towards functional and style approach as he offered his employees opportunities to become leader and give them learning and development environment to polish their skills to fulfil the goals for the company. Need of a Union: Trade unions are group of people agreed together to achieve shared interests. Union is a blend of the group of employee and the organization. Unions works for their members to defend them from exploitation, collective bargain for wages and work condition, and career development. There is always a need of a union in any trade to preserve the benefits for both company and the employees (Flanders, 1970). Conclusion: According to the case study, Schultz being a leader treats his partners well and provided them with bundles of benefits and helped them in all kinds of problems but on the other hand Schultz did not realise the need of a trade union in the company which can also be beneficial for the company. He sacked every one who tries to join a union it shows that he is also a democratic leader. References: Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectation. New York: Free Press. Bass, B.M. (1990). Bass and Stogdills handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press. Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper Row. Chemers, M. M. (2002). Cognitive, social, and emotional intelligence of transformational leadership: Efficacy and Effectiveness. In R. E. Riggio, S. E. Murphy, F. J. Pirozzolo (Eds.), Multiple Intelligences and Leadership. Conger, J. (1992). Learning to Lead. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Conger, J. (1989). The Charismatic Leader. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Long, R. J. (2002). Strategic Compensation in Canada. 2nd ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Learning. Flanders, A. (1970). Management and Unions, Faber Faber. Jacobsen, C. and House, R. J. (1999). The rise and decline of charismatic leadership http://leadership.wharton.upenn.edu/1_change/publications/House/Rise%20and20%Decline%20of%20Charismatic%20Leadership%20-%20House.doc. Last accessed 12th July 2009. Patty Vogan, (2007). Five Key Traits of Great Leadership. Stogdill, R. M. (The Ohio State University Columbus, 1950). Leadership, membership and organization. Psychological Bulletin 47, p3. Vecchio, R. P. Organizational Behavior: Core Concepts, Fourth edition, Dryden Press. Question 4: Motivated and committed human resources were the key to success. What strategies has Starbucks used in order to gain the motivation and commitment of its employees? With reference to appropriate theories and models, provide a reasoned discussion of how the company can ensure the levels of motivation and commitment that it needs to succeed in the future? Committed Motivated employee: A lot of present-day authors have defined the concept of motivation. They defined motivation as it is a mental process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995), a propensity to act in a purposive way to attain specific, unmet desires (Buford et al, 1995), an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994) and the will to attain (Bedeian, 1993). Motivation is also stated as the inner strength that makes individuals to attain individual and organizational goals. Earlier employees were used as an extra input into the manufacture of commodities and facilities. However Hawthorne Studies may have changed the way of thinking about employees which was carried out by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932. This study shows that employees are not motivated by money only but also their behaviour is linked to their attitudes (Dickson, 1973). In this current age every company need motivated and committed employees to achieve there strategic goals so as the Starbucks. Motivation program in Starbucks: Case study shows that in Starbuck motivated and committed employee have a great importance. Therefore Starbucks always put an extra input to assure recruiting motivated employees and after attaining them. Starbucks offers an interactive structure that encourages employees to commit themselves into their job and achieve a new level of performance. Howard Schultz knew the importance of the benefits to retain the employee that is why he introduced such benefits perks which was highly beneficial of the staff. He gave those benefits for both part and full time employees. According to Pinder (1998), Work motivation is a set of energetic forces that originates both within as well as beyond an individuals being, to initiate work-related behaviour, and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration. Starbucks included paid vacation, sick leave, health benefits and stock options. It also offered flexibility in working hours for the workers and one-size fits all benefit for the employees, this benefit was also adopted by different service provider companies. Company also introduced Bean stock program for the employees. Starbucks applies different strategies to hire and attain their employees. Starbucks strategies to gain motivation commitment from its employees: After reviewing the case study, I identified some elements by using Starbucks achieve motivation and commitment from the employee. Selecting the right candidate for the job according to the criteria they have set. Investing on employee training and development and teaching them three main star skills enhance self esteem, listen and knowledge and ask for help. Empowering the employees by involving them in decision making. Giving employees flexible work hours to achieve work-life balance. Feed back system for the employees Equality in the status caption to show every one is equal. Giving them Owner ship by selling company shares to employee and labelling them as partners. As a result Starbucks kept growing in the market and expanded worldwide. Starbucks has low turnover, increase in sale and new openings of stores and good customer care. Theoretical Framework: To understand what motivated employees and how can they motivated was the centre of various researchers. There are five major theories which can make us understand about motivation which are Maslows hierarchy of need theory, Herzbergs two-factor theory, Vrooms expectancy theory, Adams equity theory, and Skinners reinforcement theory. I will discuss Maslows and Hezbergs Theory in context with Starbucks to understand the level of motivation of employees in Starbucks. Maslows Hierarchy of Need Theory If we understand Maslows theory then we come to know that he has discussed five levels of needs of an employee, physiological need, safety, social, ego and self actualisation (Maslow, 1943). According to the Maslow to motivate the employee, fulfil the lower need first and then proceed for the upper need in the hierarchy. Maslow also explained that man is a wanting animal, only an unsatisfied need can motivate its behaviour and the dominant need is the prime motivator of behaviour (Maslow, 1954). Hezbergs two factor theory According to the herzbergs there are two major factors in motivation of the employee: motivators and hygiene. They can also be known as intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor. In intrinsic such as independence, achievement in job and recognition of the work create motivation in employee, in extrinsic or hygiene factor consist on higher pay rate, promotion and penalties like disciplinary action or criticism that can create job dissatisfaction (Hezberg, 1957). In the light of these theories we can determine that Starbucks motivated its employees by empowerment, keeping their social need intact, equality in the company, investing heavily on training and development, rewarding highest pay in industry, giving them number of benefits which motivated employees intrinsically as well as extrinsically. On the other side researcher criticized that employees were not paid for work related injuries, increment was very little. Thus these kinds of factors may decrease the motivation of employees and their performance may reduce which may affect organisation negatively. According to the case study Hr policies are the best in the market and if we look at the employee turnover in Starbucks is far less than the other market turnover. In a survey Employee working in Starbucks more than 70% of the employees was satisfied by the policies in Starbucks. Howard Schultz says that You cant expect your employees to exceed the expectations of your customers if you dont exceed the employees expectations of management (www.starbucks.com) Conclusion: Fact mentioned in the case study shows that the policy of the Starbucks is well formed and beneficial for the company as well as for the employees even in the long run. Assuring the motivated employee is also well organised by the HR department in the company.